RESUMO
This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of the Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire 2 [PDQ-II] in Tehran in comparison with the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II [DDST-II]. After translation and back translation, the final Persian version of test was verified by three pediatricians and also by reviewing relevant literature for content validity. The test was performed on 237 children ranging from 0 to 6 years old, recruited by convenient sampling, from four health care clinics in Tehran city. They were also evaluated by DDST II simultaneously. Interrater methods and Cronbach's alpha were used to determine reliability of the test. The Kappa agreement coefficient between PDQ and DDST II was determined. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. All of the questions in PDQ had satisfactory content validity. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0-9 months, 9-24 months, 2-4 years and 4-6 years questionnaires were 0.951, 0.926, 0.950 and 0.876, respectively. The Kappa measure of agreement for interrater tests was 0.89. The estimated agreement coefficient between PDQ and DDST II was 0.383. Based on two different categorizing possibilities for questionable scores, that is, "Delayed" or "Normal", sensitivity and specificity of PDQ was determined to be 35.7-63% and 75.8-92.2%, respectively. PDQ has a good content validity and reliability and moderate sensitivity and specificity in comparison with the DDST-II, but by considering their relatively weak agreement coefficient, using it along with DDST-II for a two-stage developmental screening process, remains doubtful
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiologic findings of Guillain Barre Syndrome [GBS] in children and their relation with clinical progress of the disease. Twenty-three children with GBS were evaluated between 2005 and 2007. Electrophysiologic evaluations were performed at admission and one month later. Five patients needed respirator, 15 were bedridden, 1 developed recurrence 6 months later, and 2 experienced chronic GBS. The most common findings included: decreased amplitude of muscle action potential [CMAP] [96%], increased distal latency [74%], increased F wave latency [69%], and decreased nerve conduction velocity [NCV] [61%]. Sensory nerve conduction [evaluating sural nerve] was normal in 78% of the cases. These measures did not significantly change after 1 month. Electrodiagnostic evaluations are helpful at the primary stages of GBS for diagnosis. Fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves showing denervation and axonal injury are presentative of longer duration of the disease and a worse prognosis